Site History

• Over 200 years of on-site chemical manufacturing
• Multi-component DNAPL present at fill-native clay interface

Chlorinated Contaminants & Mass
Concentrations as % of Total COCs

Initial Bench Study

1. Cool-Ox® Selected:
2. Both Cool-Ox® and heat activated sodium persulfate achieved >80% COC destruction
3. Cool-Ox® was selected as the oxidizing and reducing agent because no activation was required.

Supplementary Bench Scale Test

• Selectivity of ISCO/ISCR treatment? Or
• Distribution of alkanes in fine-grain matrix?
• What about dose-response?
• Optimum pH 8-9.5

Dose Response

WORKING SAFELY

• 9,020 safe work hours under adverse weather conditions (snow/sleet) and subzero temperatures
• Incident-free completion

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“Outstanding achievement! An unannounced internal audit with nothing but positive findings!

This is a true demonstration of your strong EH&S culture and leadership.

Thank you all for living and working safely!”

- EH&S Remediation Manager - Global Remediation Business

PILOT DEMONSTRATION RESULTS

Relative Mass Relationships Before & After Pilot
Primary COCs              Before          Reduced by
Chlorobenzenes:              51%                   73%
Total DDX:                        34%                   86%
1,2-Dichloropropane:        8%                     72%

FULL-SCALE TREATMENT

As designed:

• 1,766 injection points on 6’x6’ grid
• First dosing rate selected based on chemical costs and field mobilization costs
• First dosing aimed at 80% COC mass removal at locations with 7,500 mg/kg COC or less
• Field results indicated reagent dosage rates limited by subsurface acceptance
• 10 subareas found to require second treatment

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As Implemented:

• 2,072 injection points (primary, secondary combined)
• 154,260 gallons of Cool-Ox® injected
• 10,284 injected linear feet
• Reduced COC mass by 67% (311,000 pounds)
• Overcome acid soil conditions
• Proved “Big-Sites” can be treated with ISCO/ISCR
• Pre-planned injection sequence avoided need to remobilize injection rig

Cool-Ox® Foaming Reaction

CONCLUSION

• Primary injection reduced subsurface COC mass by 64%
• Secondary Injections destroyed over 311,000 lbs. of DDT, DDX, CB, BCEE (reduced COC mass by 67%) in 4.5 months - URS data
• The total DNAPL mass destroyed was over 305,000 lbs.
• 3 grams COC removal per gram Cool-Ox® (slightly better than predicted by bench study!)

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